A lie is a deliberate choice to mislead the target without giving any notification of the intent to do so.
Two main categories:
– Concealment: leaving out true information
– Falsification: presenting false information as it were true
Other ways of lying:
– Misdirection: acknowledging an emotion, but misidentifying what caused it
– Telling the truth falsely or admitting the truth with such exaggeration or humor that the target remain uninformed or misled
– half-concealment or admitting part of what is true, so as to deflect the target’s interest dodge or telling the truth but in a way that implies the opposite of what is said.
Two kind of clue to deceit:
– leakage: when the liar inadvertently reveals the truth
– deception clues: when the liar’s behavior reveals only that what he says is not true.
Both are mistakes.